Perfluoroalkylamido-alkyl and alkylthio esters of fumaric acid and other ethylenically unsaturated polybasic acids and polymers thereof

ABSTRACT

MONOMERIC PERFLUOROALKYLAMIDO-ALKYL AND ALKYLTHIO ESTERS OF FUMARIC, MALEIC, CITRACONIC, MESACONIC, ITACONIC, ACONITIC, AND METHYLENE MALONIC ACID FORM HOMOPOLYMERS AND FORM COPOLYMERS WITH OHTER ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMONOMERS. THE POLYMERS OBTAINED HAVE VALUABLE SOIL REPELLENT PROPERTIES AND ARE THEREFORE ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN TEXTILE FINISHES. A PREFERRED COMPOUND EXEMPLIFIED IS BIS(2(N-PERFLUOROOCTANOAMIDO)ETHYL)THIOFUMARATE.

United States Patent 01 fice 3,658,857 PERFLUOROALKYLAMIDO-ALKYL AND ALKYL- THIO ESTERS OF FUMARIC ACID AND OTHER ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED POLYBASIC ACIDS AND POLYMERS THEREOF Eduard Karl Kleiner, Dobhs Ferry, and Martin Knell, Ossining, N.Y., and Pier Luigi Pacini, San Donato, Milanese, Italy, assiguors to Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, N.Y. No Drawing. Filed May 27, 1968, Ser. No. 732,040

Int. Cl. C08h 9/00 US. Cl. 260-4025 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Monomeric perfluoroalkylamido-alkyl and alkylthio esters of fumaric, maleic, citraconic, mesaconic, itaconic, aconitic, and methylene malonic acid form homopolymers and form copolymers with other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers. The polymers obtained have valuable soil repellent properties and are therefore especially useful in textile finishes. A preferred compound exemplified is bis[2- (n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] thiofumarate.

THE INVENTION RI! [c.s aaa Formula I wherein m is an integer of 2 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, and most preferably 6 to R is a straight or branched chain alkylene of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2;

R" is hydrogen, or alkyl of l to 4 carbon atoms;

X is oxygen or sulfur, preferably sulfur; and

R is an ethylenically unsaturated radicml derived from fumaric, maleic, citraconic, mesaconic, itaconic, aconitic, or methylene malonic acid, preferably itaconic or fumaric, most preferably itaconic; and

s is an integer of 2 or 3 and is equal to the number of carboxyl groups of the acid from which R is derived, preferably being 2 to correspond to the preferred fumaric and itaconic acids.

The corresponding polymers of the monomers of this invention are those having a skeletal chain comprising repeating units of Formula II 3,658,857. Patented Apr. 25, 1972 Since the novel homopolymers and copolymers find substantial use as textile finishes, it is an advantage to include in the monomer mixture from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight of a reactive acrylic, which permits crosslinking either by heat or crosslinking agents. Such reactive fluorocopolymers give textile finishes with superior resistance to washing, dry cleaning, scrubbing, abrasion, and crushing, both wet and dry, and also a better durability of the oil and water repellency.

It is also uniquely advantageous, especially in the preparation of fabric finishes, to use blends of emulsions of the instant fluorinated polymers with emulsions of other polymers such as polyalkyl acrylates and polyalkyl methacrylates, illustrative of which is poly (n-octyl methacrylate).

The monomer compounds of the present invention may be prepared following procedures known to those skilled in the art.

Starting materials employed are generally commercially available and/or may be prepared readily according to methods familiar to those skilled in the art.

It is to be understood that the perfluoroalkyl group may, if desired, be a mixture of varying chain length since basic starting materials are often obtained by telomerization procedures yielding C F I groups of varying length.

The ester monomers of this invention can generally be prepared by well known esterification reaction between, for example: acids and perfluorinated alcohols, alkyl esters and perfiuorinated alcohols, acid chlorides and perfluorinated alcohols. It is to be understood that the corresponding mercaptans are included by the term alcohols.

Generally the reaction of acid chlorides with the perfluorinated alcohol or mercaptan is preferred since the acid chlorides are easily available and the esterification proceeds readily. An exception, of course, is the case of maleyl chloride and chloromaleyl chloride which do not exist.

The esterifications are carried out preferably in the absence of a base.

The esters of methylene malonic acid generally require a two step synthesis. The intermediate malonesters are made using one of the above esterification techniques and then the methylene malonic ester is formed for example by condensation of the malonester with formaldehyde. See

13. Haworth and W. H. Perkin, J. Chem. Soc. 73, 339-345 1898).

The alcohols and mercaptans used as starting materials in the preparation of the monomer compounds of this invention are either commercially available and/ or readily prepared by methods familiar to those skilled in the art.

For example, the reaction of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic esters with hydroxy or mercapto-alkylamines in methanol yields the desired starting material.

As indicated above, the novel monomers of this invention may be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers. Polymerization of the monomers may be carried out in bulk, solution, suspensions, or emulsions. The preferred polymerization techniques are emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium and solution polymerization.

In emulsion polymerization, the monomer or monomers to be polymerized are emulsified together in a water solution of a surface active agent to a given monomer concentration of from about 5% to about 50%. Usually the temperature is raised to between 40 C. and 70 C. to eifect polymerization in the presence of an added catalyst. A suitable catalyst may be any one of the commonly known agents for initiating the polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound. The concentration of the catalyst for the polymerization is usually between 0.1% and 2% based upon the weight of the monomers.

Suitable surfactants or emulsifying agents include cationic, anionic or non-ionic types. Since the cationic types can be used in most textile treating baths, they are preferred. The hydrophobic portion of the surfactant may be hydrocarbon or fluorinated hydrocarbon.

Suitable cationic surfactants include for example example, non-ionic surfactants in which the hydrophilic group is a poly(ethoxy) group and the hydrophoric portions is either a hydrocarbon or a fluorocarbon group such as the ethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, alkanols, alkylamines, alkyl thiols, alkylcarboxylic acids, fluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, fiuoroalkyl amides and the like.

Suitable cationic surfactants include for example quaternary ammonium salts or amine salts containing at least one long chain alkyl, fiuoroalkyl, or high alkyl substituted benzene or naphthalene group to provide the hydrophobic portion.

Polymerization is preferably carried out for a reaction period adjusted to obtain essentially quantitative conversion of the fluorinated monomer. The optimum reaction time will depend upon the catalyst used and the polymerization temperature and other conditions, but will generally be in the range of from 0.5 to 24 hours.

The polymerization temperature will depend upon the catalyst chosen. In the case of emulsion polymerization in aqueous media, it will generally be in the range of from 20 to 90 C. The polymerization is generally most conveniently and preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure wherever possible.

In solution polymerization, the monomer or monomers are dissolved in a suitable solvent such as fiuorinated solvents, for example, fiuorohalogenated hydrocarbons, hexafluoroxylene, trifluorotoluene or mixtures thereof with acetone and/or ethylacetate, other fluorinated solvents and the like, and then polymerized in a reaction vessel using initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile or other azo initiators at concentrations of 0.1 to 2.0% at 40-100 C. under nitrogen.

As mentioned, besides homopolymers, valuable copolymers are obtained by polymerization of the foregoing novel perfluorinated monomers with other polymerizable monomers having ethylene unsaturation.

As a general rule, the preferred comonomer units should have short side chains, since the comonomers with longer side chains generally tend to decrease the soil repellency level.

Examples of suitable comonomers are alkyl vinylethers, such as methyl vinyl ether, soipropyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, vinyl Z-methoxy ethyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, isoamyl vinyl ether, 11- hexyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylbutyl vinyl ether, diisopropylmethyl vinyl ether, l-methyl-heptyl vinyl ether, n-decyl vinyl ether, n-tetradecyl vinyl ether, and n-octadecyl vinyl ether.

Also, vinyl ethers of the following amino alcohols: ethanolamine vinyl ether, Z-dimethylamino ethanol vinyl ether, N-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine vinyl ether, hydroxyethyl butyl aniline vinyl ether, and fi-piperidinoethanol vinyl ether, and the like.

Also useful are gamma substituted ethers, such as amethylvinyl methyl ether, a-methylvinyl ethyl ether, aarnyl-vinyl methyl ether, and a-phenylvinyl ethyl ether; alicyclic and aralkyl vinyl ethers such as cyclohexanol vinyl ether, menthol vinyl ether, carvacrol vinyl ether, benzyl alcohol vinyl ether, B-phenylethanol vinyl ether, tetrahydronaphthol vinyl ether, 18 decahydronaphthol vinyl ether, methyiphenyl carbinol vinyl ether, butylcyclohexanol vinyl ether, and dihydroabictinol vinyl ether.

Additionally, vinyl aryl ethers such as vinyl phenyl ether, a-bromovinyl phenyl ether, a-phenylvinyl phenyl ether, vinyl m-cresyl ether, a-methyl vinyl p-cresyl ether, vinyl p-chlorophenyl ether, vinyl 2,4,6 trichlorophenyl ether, and vinyl a-naphthyl ether.

Vinyl comonomers with short side chains are preferred.

Of all these vinyl ethers, the most preferred ones are: methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propylvinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, Z-methoxyethyl vinyl ether and 2- chloroethyl vinyl ether.

Propylene, butylene and isobutylene are preferred aolefins useful as comonomers with the novel fluoro monomers of the present invention. Straight and branched chain ot-olefins are useful with up to 18 carbon atoms in the side chain.

Useful copolymers of the novel perfiuorinated compounds of the invention are formed with vinyl esters, e.g. vinyl acetate, vinyl esters of substituted acids, such as for example, vinyl methoxyacetate, vinyl trimethylacetate, vinyl isobutyrate, isopropenyl butyrate, vinyl lactate, vinylcaprylate, vinyl pelargonate, vinyl myristate, vinyl oleate and vinyl linoleate; vinyl esters of aromatic acids, such as vinyl benzoate, vinyl alkoxybenzoates, vinyloctylphthalate, vinyl tetrachlorobenzoate, vmyl fl-phenyl butyrate, vinyl fi-naphthoate, and vinyl ethyl phtha late; vinylformate and vinylcarbonate derivatives such as vmylformate, vinylchloroformate, methylvinylchloroformate, vinyl methyl carbonate, vinylethylcarbonate, vinylphenylcarbonate and vinylidenecarbonate; vinyl thloesters such as vinyl methyl sulfide, vinyl n-butyl sulfides, l -chloroethyl vinyl sulfide, 2-chloroethyl vinyl sulfide, vmyl dodecyl sulfide, vinyl phenyl sulfide, vinyl o-cresyl sulfide, vinyl 2,5 dimethyl 4 chlorophenyl sulfide, vmyl 8- chloronaphthyl sulfide, and vinyl Z-benzothrazylsulfide.

Preferred of the foregoing vinyl esters are vmylacetate, vinyl propionate, vinylbenzoate, and isopropenylacetate.

Also useful as comonomers are styrene and related monomers which copolymerize readily with the novel esters of this invention such as o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, 3,4-dimethyl styrene, 2,4,6-trimethyl styrene, methyl styrene, 2,5-diethyl styrene, p-butyl styrene, m-tbutyl styrene, p-benzyl styrene, o-methoxy styrene, pmethoxystyrene, 6-mcthoxy-3-methyl styrene, 2,6-d1- methoxy styrene, and Z-methoxy-S-isopropyl styrene; derivatives of a-methyl styrene, such as: 4-chloro a-methyl styrene, 3,4-dimethyl a-methylstyrene, 3-bromo-2-methyl a-methylstyrene, and 2,S-dichIow-a-methylstyrene; chlorostyrene derivatives, such as m-chlorostyrene, 2,3-d1chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, trichlorostyrene, and pentachlorostyrene; bromoand fluorostyrene derivatives, such as p-bromostyrene, m-iluorostyrene, rn-trifiu0r0- methyl styrene, 4-fluoro-3-trifiuoromethyl styrene, and pentafluorostyrene; other styrene derivatives such as pformylstyrene, methyl ester of p-vinyl acid, p-vinylbenzyl alcohol, 1,4-dimethyl-2 hydroxystyrene, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxystyrene, 2-nitro-4-isopropylstyrene, p-N,N-dimethyl amino styrene, N-(vinyl benzyl) pyrrolidine and sulfoamido styrene; vinyl derivatives of biphenyl, naphthalene and related aromatic compounds, such as 4-chloro-4'- vinyl biphenyl, o-isopropenyl biphenyl, p-vinyl diphenyl oxide, 4-chloro-l-vinyl naphthalene, 1-chloro-4-vinyl naphthalene and l-vinyl acinaphthalene; vinylfuran, vinylbenzofuran and vinylpyridine, such as 2-vinyl dibenzofuran, 5 ethyl 2 vinyl-thiophene, 5-chloro-2-vinyl thiophene, 3,4,5-trichloro-2-vinyl thiophene and 2-vinyl dibenzothiophene.

Additional useful comonomers are ethylene and chloro-, fluoroand cyano-derivatives of alkylene, such as ethylene, vinylchloride, vinylidene-chloride, vinylfluoride, vinylidene fluoride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, tetrafiuoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene, hexafiuoropropylene; acrylate and methacrylate monomers, particularly those with 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the ester groups such as monofiuoroethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, Z-methyl cyclohexyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol monomethacrylate, fi-bromoethyl methacryalte, ,li-phenyl ether methacrylate, o-cresyl methacrylate, and p-naphthyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-

butyl methacrylate, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate, propylacrylate, butylacrylate, 3-methyl-l-pentylacrylate, octylacrylate, tetradecylacrylate, s-butylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, and phenyl acrylate; a-halogen acrylates, such as methyl chloro acrylate, methyl bromo acrylate, ethyl chloro acrylate, s-butyl chloro acrylate, cyclohexyl chloro acrylate, phenyl chloro acrylate, cyclohexyl bromo acrylate, n-propyl cholor acrylate, isopropyl chloro acrylate, n-butylchloro acrylate, and methyl fluoro acrylate; dienes particularly 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene, 2-fiuoro-butadiene, 1,1,3-trifiuorobutadiene, 1,1,2,3-tetra.fluoro butadiene, 1,1,2-trifluoro-3,4-dichlorobutadiene and triand pentafluoro butadiene and isoprene; nitrogen-vinyl monomers such as N-vinylimides, amides, and secondary cyclic amines, like vinyl succinimide, vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl carbazole and the like.

Also useful as comonomers with the novel monomers of the present invention are vinyl monomers which contain perfluorinated side chains. Examples of such perfluorinated monomers are vinyl ethers of the type disclosed in US. 2,732,370 and US. 2,828,025; vinyl esters containing fluorinated alkyl groups disclosed in US. 2,592,069 and US. 2,436,144. Other useful monomers are acrylates and methacrylates and derivatives thereof such as those disclosed in US. 2,628,958; U.S. 3,256,230; US. 2,839,- 513; US. 3,282,905; U.S. 3,252,932 and US. 3,304,278.

As mentioned, it may also be desirable to include a minor amount of other reactive comonomers in order to improve the wash and dry-clean properties of the novel textile finishes obtained according to the practice of this invention. Such monomers act as cross-linking agents during the curing operation. Such reactive comonomers are generally employed in amounts of 0.1 to 2%.

During the preparation of the novel monomers of this invention, a small percentage of the half esters is formed as side products and serve as reactive comonomers.

Other reactive monomers which may be included are by way of illustration: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate or -acrylate, hydroxypropylacrylates or methacrylates, and t-butylaminoethylmethacrylate or glycidylmethylate. Of the foregoing, N-methylolacrylamide and Z-hydroxyethylmethacrylate are preferred.

Coatings of the homopolymers and copolymers according to the present invention can be prepared and applied from solvent solutions or from aqueous emulsions. Suitable solvents are fiuoroalkanes, fiuorochloroalkanes, fluoroalkyl-substituted aromatics, alkyl esters of perfluoroalkanoic acids, chlorinated alkanes or aromatics, hydrocarbon aromatics, ketones, esters and ethers. Especially useful as solvents are the fluorinated liquids, and especially a,a,a-trifluorotoluene, otherwise known as benzotrifluoride, hexafiuoroxylene and mixtures of these with ethyl acetate or acetone and the like. Concentrations of the fluorinated polymers of the present invention in solvent to provide coatings with effective oil and water repellency properties will generally be of the order of 0.01 to and preferably from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight. Blends of the emulsions of the polymers of this invention with blended emulsions of other polymers and copolymers are particularly useful in textile finishes. The polymers and copolymers are generally of a non-fluorinated type; however, as indicated below other fiuorinated polymers and copolymers may be used if desired. Non-fluorinated polymers useful in such blends, include for example, but without limitation, polymers and copolymers of alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, and n-octyl methacrylate. A particularly suitable polymer is poly-n-octyl methacrylate. Also useful are polymers and copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, styrene, alkyl styrene, butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-chloro-l,3-butadiene; polymers and copolymers of vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl Z-ethyl-hexanoate; polymers and copolymers of vinyl halides and vinylidene halides, such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride; polymers and copolymers of allyl esters such as allyl prop onate, or allyl caprylate; polymers and copolyers of vinyl ketones, such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, and the like; polymers and copolymers of vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, cetyl vinyl ether, and the like; polymers and copolymers of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, N- isopropyl acrylamide, and acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.

For example, from about 20 to 97% by weight of a homopolymer of poly(n-octyl methacrylate) blended with the polymers of this invention provides very useful coating compositions which retain surprisingly high repellency ratings even though the relative amount of perfluorinated polymer of this invention is relatively low. Of course, it is understood that besides application to textiles, the coatings of the perfluorinated polymers of the present invention are useful in providing oil and Water repellent coatings for leather, paper, wood, masonry, metals, plastics, glass, painted surfaces, and the like. Coatings may be readily applied by various coating techniques, such as those familiar to the art, such as dipping, spraying, brushing, padding, roll coating, and the like.

For evaluation purposes, the textile material in the following examples was dipped in the bath comprising the polymer to be evaluated and the amount of the retained solution adjusted so as to leave approximately 2% of latex by weight of the fabric on the fabric. The fabric is dried at room temperature and then cured in an oven at a temperature of about C. for about 2 minutes.

The type of textile material which is coated is not at all critical. For evaluation purposes, repellency ratings for cotton or wool are determined as a standard screening procedure; however, such fibers such as fiberglass, silk, regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters and ethers, polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic esters and other fibers alone or blended or in combination may be coated with the polymers of the present invention.

In the examples below, the repellency ratings were determined as follows:

The AATCC water spray test rating was determined according to Standard Test method 22-1966 of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, XXXVII, 1961, p. 1952 (also designated ASTM-D 583- 58).

Oil repellency is measured by the 3-M-Oil test procedure of Grajek and Peterson, Textile Research Journal, April 1962, p. 323.

The cotton/polyester fabric referred to in the evaluations is a 65% polyester-35% cotton blend. The polyester is one formed from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, sold for example under the Dacron trademark.

The following examples describing certain representative embodiments of this invention will serve to further illustrate the nature of this invention. It is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative, and intended to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention in all of the embodiments flowing therefrom and do not in any way limit the scope of the invention defined in the claims. Unless otherwise specified, the relationship of parts by weight to parts by volume is that of grams to cubic centimeters, and temperatures are degrees centigrade.

EXAMPLE 1 Bis,[2-(n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] fumarate To a refluxing solution of 22.85 parts of 2-n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethanol (prepared according to Example 1 of US. 3,188,340) in 25 parts by volume of acetonitrile, there is added 3.8 parts of fumaryl chloride dropwise with stirring over 15 minutes. Reflux is continued until no further liberation of hydrogen chloride can be detected (8 hours). The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and 12.82 parts of white product melting at l48154 C. is recovered by filtration. After recrystalliza- 8 trichlorotrifluoroethane to yield 19.2 parts of 2-(n-perfluorooetanoamido)ethyl mercaptan, M.P. 85-87 C.

The infrared spectrum shows the amide carbonyl absorption at 1720 cm.- and the H at 3350 cnif The tion from hot isopropyl alcohol, 10.21 parts of bis[2- NMR spectrum in CD COCD (vs. tetramethylsilane) (n-perfiuorooctanoamido)ethyl]fumarate melting at 151 shows a quartet at 6 2.8 (S-methylene), a quartet at 6 3.6 152. C. is obtained. (N-methylene) and a broad singlet at 5 8.5 (NH and/or Analysis.--Calcd. for C H 'F N2O (percent): C, SH). 28,99; H, 1.21; N, 2.82; F, 57.32. Found (percent): C, Analysis.-Calcd. for C H F NOS (percent): C, 29.14; H, 1.29; N, 3.37; F, 56.98. 10 25.37; H, 1.27; F, 60.22; N, 2.81; S, 6.77. Found (per- .EXAMPLE 2 cent): C, 25.09; H, 1.57; F, 61.47; N, 3.24; S, 6.83.

(b) BIS [2-(n-PERFLUOROOCTANOAMIDO)ETHYL] Bis[2 (n perfluorooctanoamido) ethyl] itaconate THIOFUMARATE If in Example 1, 4.18 parts of itaconyl chloride is substituted for the fumaryl chloride, 15.3 parts of crude prod- A mlxmfe of Parts of 'Y Chlofldfi and 18-92 not is obtained. After two recrystallizations from iso- P 3 0f 'P P) i y mel'CaPtan was propyl alcohol and one from acetonitrile, the product surfed at 1 hours While nltrogefl Was pa melts at 106-108 c. and has the correct analysis for bisthrough the reaction fiask- The pr slflwly S911d1fied- [2 (n-perfluoroo tanoa ido)eth l] f m t Eighty parts of hexafluoroxylenedimethyl formamide (1:1) c f 3 N O (percent); C 20 was next added and the solution was kept at 95 C. for 2977; H, L40; N, 2378; F, 56.51 Found (percent); C, an additional thirty minutes. After allowing to cool to 29.80; H, 1.26; N, 2.91; F, 56.38. room temperature, the product crystallized out and it was filtered and dried to afford 9.1 parts of bis[2-(n-prefluoro- EXAMPLE 3 octanoaniido)ethyl] thiofumarate, MP. 195-197 C. Bis[2-(N-ethyl-n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] y for 24 l2 2 4 2 (P fumarate 28.11; H, 1.17; F, 55.53; N, 2.72; S, 6.23. Found (per- (a) (NETHYDmpEflfigfiilRoocTANoAmmE) cent): C, 28.09; H, 1.28; F, 54.19; N, 2.95; S, 6.22.

EXAMPLE 6 Z-ethylaminoethanol (4.45 parts) is added dropwise 30 with stirring in 70 minutes to 21.4 parts of methyl per- Bis[2-(n-perfluorobutyroamido)ethyl] thiofumarate fluorooctanoate. After standing over the weeltend at room (a) 2 (WHEPTAFLUOROBUTYROAMIDO)ETHYL temperature, a perchlorie acid titration indicates that at MERCAPTAN least 80% of the amine has been converted to amide. The crude product is satisfactory for the next step. This compound is prepared using aprocedure analogous (b) BISIZ-(N ETHybmPERFLUOROOCTANOAMIDE) t0 that Of Example 5a but employing stoichiometrically T FUMARAJTE equivalent amounts of methyl heptafiuorobutyrate. Yield By substituting 24.25 parts of N-ethyl n perfluorooc- 0f 2-(n-heptafi y y mercaptan is 63% tanoamidoethanol for the 2-(n-perfiiiorooctanoamido) of theoretical' C at 13 NMR and IR p ethanol in Example 1, the product obtained is bis[2-(N- 40 tm confirm the deslfed Structureethyl-n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] fumarate. BI S[2-(u-PERFLUOROBUTYROAMIDO)ETHYL] EXAMPLE 4 THIOFUMARATE Bis[2-(N-ethyl-n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] itaconate The procedure of Example 5b is repeated using stoichio- By substituting 2425 parts of 2 (N ethy1 n perfiu0ro metrically equivalent amounts of Z-(n-heptafluorobutyrooctanoamido)ethanol for the Z-(n-perfluorooctanoamido) amfdokthyl mercaptan m P Z'FHPeIfiUOTOOCtaHO athanol in Example 2, the product is 1 amido)ethyl mercaptan and using trifluorotoluene as a perfluorooctanoamido)ethyu itaconate solvent. The 1S Of bis[2-(n-perfluorobutyro- EXAMPLE 5 amido)ethyl] thiofumarate which melts at 181.5-182 C. Analysis.Calcd. for C H F N O S (percent): C, Bis[2-(n-perfluorooc anoami hyl] w m 30.67; H, 1.93; F, 42.46; N, 4.47; S, 10.23. Found (per- (a) 2-(n-PERFLUORDOCTANOAMIDO)ETHYL cent): C, 30.88; H, 1.95; F, 42.48; N, 4.77; S, 10.59.

MER APTAN C EXAMPLE 7 23.54 parts of methyl perfluorooctanoate are added dropwise to a stirred solution of 8.6 parts of mercapto- US1I1g p f descllbad above p lf stolethylamine in 50 ml. of methanol. The mixture is stirred 01110111611 1! equivalent amounts of Yfe5p0nd1ng Startfor seven minutes and then poured into 200 parts of water. ing materials, the following compounds of Formula I are The solid product is filtered and crystallized from 1,1,2- obtained:

0 a" t l cmFi NR'-XJR CmF2 R" X .s R, derived froma (CFmCF H S 2 Citraconle acid. b CFa(CF2)a CH3 0 3 Aeonitlc acid.

.. OFACF; H S 2 Fumarlc acid.

3(CF2)17 H O 2 Maleie acid.

a)2 :)i (C a)a O 2 Mesaconic acid. ihi CHZCHZCH; O 2 Itaeonic acid.

CF3(CF2)8 H s 3 Aconltie acid.

(CF2): CHzCH; 0 2 Metliiglene malonie i (canton H s 2 Fifr iarlc acid. j OF (C 2): H S 2 Itaconic acid. k (CF:i)2CF(CF2)e H O 2 D0. 1.- (olmcricmcmcrmt CH 0 2 Maleic acid. in. CF3iCF2CF(CF3)]5 H S 2 Fumarle acid. [1 (CF )zCF(CFz)nCF2CFz H O 2 D0- 0 CFgCFz H S 2 Itaconie acid.

9 10 EXAMPLE 8 EXAMPLE 13 100 parts of a mixture of equimolar amounts of bis[2- 100 parts of the monomer bis 2-(n-perfiuorooctano- (n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] thiofumarate and methamido)ethyl] itaconate and 2 parts of 1,1'-azodicycloylvinylether, 1500 parts of ethylacetate and 1 part of azohexanecarbonitrile are sealed in an ampul under nitrobisisobutyronitrile are sealed in an ampul under nitrogen gen. After polymerizing at 110 C. for 16 hours, the and polymerized at 70 C. for 16 hours. The resulting polymer is dissolved in 600 parts of hexafluoroxylene and polymer solution is precipitated into 20 times the amount precipitated into 20 times the amounts of heptane. The of heptane. The precipitated polymer, a fine, white powprecipitated polymer, a fine, white powder, is filtered der is filtered and dried. Yield 79.5%. and dried. Yield: 82%melting point 105 C.

The analytical data for the resulting alternating copoly- The results of repellency tests are: mer is shown in Table I below.

The polymer is applied to fabric from a 2% solution AATCO in hexafluoroxylene, or any other suitable solvent, to water provide a fabric coating or 2% by weight of the fabric. 120 100 70 70 The repellency ratings are then determined in the manner E iggfigg; 5% described above and are also shown in Table I.

EXAMPLES 9-11 EXAMPLES 14-17 The generalprocedures as described in Example 8 are 100 parts of a mixture of equimolar amounts of the repeated but substituting bis[2-(n-perfluorobutyroamido) monomer bis[2-(n perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl]thioethyl] thiofumarate, bis[2-(n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethfumarate and the comonomer (methylvinylether or ethylyl] fumarate, and bis[Z-(n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] vinylether or Z-methoxyethylvinylether or isobutylvinylitaconate, respectively for the bis[2-(n-perfiuorooctanoether), 2000 parts of a mixture of hexafluorooxylene and amido)ethyl]thiofumarate. dimethylformamide (2:1) and 1 part of 1,1'-azodicyclo- The corresponding data is shown in Table I. hexanecarbonitrile are sealed in an ampul under TABLE I Differential Repellency, F. thermal Elemental analysis E- ana1ysis 3-M-O1l AATCC-water T- D- Calculated Found Ex. Fluoro-monomers 0 W O W Appearance (IC.) 8.) G H C H s CH-CO s (CHQINHCOCHF 130 140 100 100 Slggbggcllow +110-120 +185 30.35 1.70 29.60 1.5

I! e 011-00 8 (CH2)2NHOO 01F powder.

9 CH-CO s (0H2)1NHCOC3F1 00 50 70 70 whitehbrittlo +76 +98 33.34 2.05 33.74 2. 48

DOW 0!. 131-00 S (CH2)2NHCO CaF1 1o CH-COO(CH2)2NHCOC7F15 110 110 80 80 do +73 +103 30. 81 1.72 31.09 1.90

GH-CO O (CHzhNHOO 01F" 11 CH2=C'C0O (CHmNHCOO Fn 110(l00)113(120) 80(80) 80(80).... d0 +49 +65 31.53 1.89 31.33 1.80

CHzC 0 O (CHghNHC 0 07F" Norm-The ratings indicated in parenthesis are obtained employing a blend of copolymer and 60% poly(n-octyl methacrylate).

EXAMPLE 12 vacuum. After polymerizing for 16 hours at 80 C., the 100 parts of monomer bis[2-(n-per-fluorooctanoresulting polymer solution is precipitated into 20 times amido)ethyl] fumarate, 100 parts of hexafluoroxylene the amount of a methanol-water mixture (2:1). The

and 1 part of tertAbutylperbenzoate are sealed in an precipitated polymer is washed with methanol. ampul under nitrogen. After polymerizing for 16 hours In the case of each copolymer, the repellency values at 120 0., a viscous, yellow solution is obtained which as shown in Table II below are obtained with a blend of is diluted with 600 parts hexafluoroxylene and precipi- 40% of the fluoro copolymer and of p0ly(n-octyl tated into 20 times the amount of heptane. The precipimethacrylate).

TABLE II Repellency, F- Differential 3-M-Oil AATCO-water thermal analysis Ex. Comonomer O W C W Appearance T C.) T...( C.)

14 CH2=CH-OCH 130 130 90 90 Slight yellow brittle powder 15 CH ==OHOOH CH3 120 120 80 70 do 16 CH =CH-OOHCH2OCH3 120 110 80 70 .do 17.. CHFCHOCHzCH(CH3)2 100 100 .do.--

tated polymer, a. white powder, is filtered and dried. EXAMPLES 1821 Yield: 85% homopolymer.

The repellency is determined as in the previous ex- In EXample 18, 10 Parts Of a mixture of equimolal amples i h th lt amounts of bis[2- (n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] fumarate and the comonomer methylvinylether, 300 parts of AATCC- hexafluoroxylene and 2 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile are water sealed in an ampul under nitrogen. After polymerizing for o nu 7000 16 hours at 80 C., the polymer solution is diluted with 15: 130010) 35 -5 600 parts of hexafluoroxylene and precipitated into 20 times the amount of methanol. The precipitated polymer Blended fabric of 35% cotton, 65% polyester of is obtained in over 80% yield. terephthalic acid-ethylene glycol available under trade- In Example 19, the procedure of Example 18 is remark Dacron. peated, but employing vinyl acetate as the comonomer,

11 100 parts of a mixture of equimolar amounts of the monomer bis[2 (n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] fumarate, 400 parts of isopropanol, and 2 parts of 1,lazodicyclohexanecarbonitrile are sealed in an ampul under 12 acrylate) are blended in the various ratios shown in the following Table VI and the blends applied to fabric as in the foregoing examples and the repellency ratings determined with the results indicated in Table VI.

nitrogen. After polymerizing for 18 hours at 80 C., the 5 solvent is removed under high vacuum. The desired copolymer is obtained in 98% yield. TABLE VI In Example 2Q, the procedure of Example 18 is em- Composition o fblend ployed in this instance employing brsIZ-(n-perfluoro- (P by s Repellemy, octanoamido)ethyl] itaconate and methylvinylether as Poly. anon AATCC t h comgnomen Copolymer (n-oetyl met-h- In Example 21, the foregoing procedure is employed EX Examples acryme) G W C w with bis[2 (n perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] itaconate lg? 88 8g and styrene as the comonomcr. 34- 20 80 110 120 90 70 The analytical and repellency data for Examples 18-21 10 90 80 70 as 5 95 is shown 1n the following Table III. 60 120 70 70 TABLE III Dlfierential Elemental analysis, E- Repelleney, F- thermal 3-M on AATCC t analyses Calculated Found -W& 61' V T T Ex. Comonomer C W 01D 0 W C/D Appearance 03 03 C H O H 18 oH2=oH-0on', 110 110 110 80 s0 whit britue +73 +103 30.81 1.72 31.09 1.00 10- CH:=CHOCOCH3 7 +38 31.12 1.68 32.18 2.22 20-.-.. OH2=OHOCH3 +49 +65 31.53 1.89 31.33 1. s0

21 CH2=CH@ 100 100) 100(100) 100(100) 80020) -.80(s0) -d0 +59 +86 35.02 1. 00 35.51 2.31

EXAMPLES 22-26 In Examples 22-26, 2% solutions of the homopolymer of bis[2 (n perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] itaconate of Example 13 and poly(n-octyl methacrylate) are blended in the various ratios shown in following Table IV and the blends applied to fabric as in the foregoing examples and the repellency ratings determined with the results indicated in Table IV.

TAB LE IV Composition of blend (Percent by wt.)

Poly bls[2- (n-per- Repelleney, F- fiuoro-oetanoamido) Poly(n- 3-MOiil AATCC-water ethyl] ltaoetyl meth- Ex, eonate acrylate C W C/D C W CID EXAMPLES 27-31 In Examples 27-31, 2% solutions of the copolymer of bis[2(n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] itaconate and styrene of Example 20 and poly(n-octyl methacrylate) are blended in the various ratios shown in following Table V and the blends applied to fabric as in the foregoing examples and the repellency ratings determined with the results indicated in Table V.

TABLE V Composition of blend (percent by weight)- Repellency, F Poly- (n-oetyl 3MOil AATCO-water Ex- Copolymer of methample Example 20 aorylate) C W C/D C W CID EXAMPLES 32-36 In Examples 32-36, 2% solutions of the copolymer of bis[2-(n-prefluorooctanoamido)ethyl] thiofumarate and methylvinylether of Example 8 and po1y(n-octy1 meth- R is a straight or branched chain alkylene of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;

R" is hydrogen, or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

X is sulfur; and

R is an ethylenically unsaturated radical derived from fumaric, maleic, citraconic, mesaconic, itaconic, aconitic, or methylene malonic acid; and

s is an integer of 2 or 3 and is equal to the number of carboxyl groups of the acid from which R is derived. 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which in is 3. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R is ethylene.

4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R" is hydrogen. 1

5. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R is derived from itaconic acid and s is 2.

6. A compound as claimed in claim 1- in which R is derived from fumaric acid and s is 2.

7. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R is ethylene, R" is hydrogen and m is 6 to 12.

itaconic acid and s is 2.

9. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is bis [2- (n-perfluorobutyroamido)ethyl thiofumarate.

10. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is his [2-(n-perfluorooctanoamido)ethyl] thiofumarate.

References Cited UNITED Pacini 260500.5

14 FOREIGN PATENTS 538,608 8/1941 Great Britain 260-4045 672,523 10/ 1963 Canada 260455 5 OTHER REFERENCES Gast et al.: Polyester amides from linseed oil for protective coatings. (1966), CA65 p. 7458 (1966);

LEWIS GOTTS, Primary Examiner G. HOLLRAH, Assistant Examiner 

